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L. DENAYROUZE.-

GAS BURNER. No. 555,307. Patented Feb. 25, 1896.

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GAS BURNER.

No. 555,307., Patented Feb. 25, 1896.

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ANDREW EGRAHAM PHOTO LITHO WASMINGYDNBC Nrrnn STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LOUIS DENAYROUZE, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

GAS-BURNER.

dated February 25, 1896.

Application filed April 12, 1895. $erial No. 545,474:- (No model.)

To all whmn it may concern.-

Be it known that I, LOUIS DENAYROUZE, engineer, a citizen of theRepublic of France, residing at Paris, France, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Gas- Burners, of which the following is aspecification.

The numerous experiments I have lately made with gas-lighting byincandescence have revealed to me the conditions for obtaining thegreatest quantity of light with the smallest quantity of gas and ofenergy for mixin g air with the gas. Among the various conditions forassuring intense and economical illumination by gas, the most importantone, in my opinion, is the most perfect mixture of gas and air beforereaching the burner, the mixture reaching the burner at a very lowpressure, which latter point is characteristic of my researches. Infact, contrary to assuming the burners as large discharge-blowpipesunder air and gas pressure, I have obtained the luminous effect byreducing the pressure of the gas at the natural outlet of the conduit. Ihave added the effect of the expansion of the gas to a limited degree tothe effect of a dissemination of the particles of the gas through themass of air necessary for a good mixture. This dissemination is producedby the agitation of light paddles turning with great speed in the fluid,and it requires very little power to produce it. The means which may beemployed to produce this intimate mixture of gas and air may be varied.Evidently any motive power may be utilized-electricity or mechanicalaction derived from compressed air or vacuum, water and steam, thepressure of the compressed gas itself, the draft of the ascending gasfrom the burner, or power transmitted in any way.

In attempting to put up my lighting apparatuses under the most favorableconditions for operating apparatus for effecting the intimate mixture ofair and gas Ihave become convinced that a great variety of motive forcesmay be employed for the purpose.

My system of lighting as actually set up comprises a mixer, bypreference rotary, which at the center receives the gas from thegas-conduit and also external air, and discharges at its periphery amixture of gas and air under a pressure for feeding the burner. Motionis imparted to this mixer by a small electric motor mounted on itsshaft.

The admission of the gas to the burner is automatically eifected at adistance by passing an electric current into the circuit which suppliesthe apparatus, and an automatic lighter with which the burneris providedcan likewise be operated from a distance, as soon as the motor hascommenced to turn for making the mixture. Such is the principle of myburner, which I shall describe.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is avertical section; Fig. 2, a faceview; Fig. 3, a horizontal section in the plane 3 3, Fig. 2.

Figs. at to 7 show on an enlarged scale the details of the devices forthe admission of gas and air. Fig. 8 is a vertical section of thegas-lighter.

The admission of gas from the street is effected through the pipe Aprovided with a valve B. This valve is fixed on the lower side of aniron block C forming the armature of an electromagnet D, the core E ofwhich is provided in the line of its axis with a screw a to serve as astop for the block when it is drawn up,and consequently limits itscoursethat is, the throw of the valve.

hen the valve 13 is raised the gas enters the apparatus, passes upthrough the three openings around the block 0, (see horizontal sectionof the same, Fig. 7,) then passes through the four recesses b in thecore of the electromagnet, Fig. 6, and thence through the channel 0 intothe box F. (Shown in vertical section in Figs. 2 and i and in horizontalsection in Fig. 5.) This box F, to the lower side of which is screwedthe apparatus for admitting gas, is composed of a cup, the bottom ofwhich has a suitable number of circular perforations e for receiving thetubes f, which communicate with the outside. These tubes extend upwardto the upper face of a false bottom 9 across the holes h in the same.These holes are of a diameter slightly larger than the outside diameterof the small tubesf, so as to leave an annular space around each of thelatter. The gas entering the chamber of the fan through the annularspaces draws in the air through the tubes f and carries it to the mixer.The shell of the mixer with the blade H is fixed upon the box F and hastwo conduits K, which take the mixture of air and gas to the pipeIsupporting the mantle J. At its upper end the tube I is provided with ametallic gauze for diffusing the mixture.

The mixer is supported in the following manner: Its shaft 75 has at eachend a pivot Z penetrating several millimeters into a cavityin thescrew-bolts m m, the first of which passes through the false bottom ofthe box F and the second through a box it formed at the junction of thetwo branches of the conduit K. Each one of the screws 17?. m islongitudinally adjustable for regulating the position of the shaft ofthe mixer. They are held in the proper position by the lock-nuts 0.

The pivots Z are rounded at their ends and bear respectively against thetwo blocks 1) provided with a shank q surrounded by a spring 7' placedinto the cavity of the corresponding screw, so as to impart very greatelasticity to the suspension of the whole of the mixer and of the motorwhich operates it. To give at the same time a certain flexibility to thesystem, each hollow screwm or m is split at s at its end, as shown inFigs. at and 5.

The motor which I use in connection with this arrangement comprises amagnet L fixed upon the top of the shell G of the mixer, be tween thepoles of which turns a small armature M fixed on the threaded shaft ofthe mixer by means of two nuts t. Two conveniently-insulated brushes uusupply the current to the commutators o of the armature.

It is evident that when an electric current is put through the windingsof the lower electromagnet D the core E attracts its armature C, whichraises the valve 13 and admits the gas from the street through thepassages Z) and the channel 0 to the box F. It passes to the uppercompartment of the latter in communication with the mixer in passingthrough the narrow annular spaces formed by the holes 71. and the tubesf, which latter communicate with the exterior and supply the airrequired.

The electric motor being properly connected to the electromagnet D andto the source of electricity is set in motion and stirs the mixture ofair and gas which then passes to the burner.

The lighting of the above-described apparatus is likewise eifected byelectricity by means of the following auxiliary devices: A smallelectromagnet N (seen partly in section on an enlarged scale, Fig. 8) isfixed upon the tube I which carries the mantle J. This electromagnet, ofa construction analogous to that of D, has on the inside a core 0,which, when the current passes through, attracts an armature-block Pwhich carries the small valve or, the seat y of which is attachedbeneath the electromagnet. Along the axis of the core, which has thenotches z for the passage of the gas when the valve is raised, moveswith slight friction a rod a carryinga rounded head I). A small piston cis placed above the rounded head Z) in a channel cl of the piece 6, andis constantly pressed down by the spring f wound around its rod andfreely passing through an insulating-piece g screwed upon the nipple c.The insulating-piece g finally carries a small copper tube h, the upperpart of which is of platinum, and upon which normally rests the roundedplatinum head '2' forming the end of the piston c. The wire leaving thewinding of the electromagnet N is connected to its metallic frame andconsequently to the piston c, which has a small flat spring is rubbingagainst the inside of the nipple cl screwed upon the frame. On the otherhand the insulated tube h is connected to the other pole of the sourceof electricity. If then a current is passed through the winding N, itscore 0 raises the valve x. The block-armature P at the same time strikesforcibly the lower end of the rod a, the head I) of which throws up thepiston 0, thereby separating the upper part of the tube h from therounded head 2" of the shank of the piston c. A spark is thus formed atthe top of the tube, which lights the gas passing the valve a; andlights the mixture of air and gas at the end of the tube I.

To cause, at the proper time, the admission of gas, the starting of themixer and the lighting of the burner, I arrange the electric connectionsof the apparatus in the following manner, Fig. 1: One of the poles ofthe source of electricity S is connected with the interposition of arheostat T to the wire 19, passing to the winding of the lowerelectromagnet D. The wire leading from the latter is connected to one ofthe brushes u of the electric motor. The second brush is connected tothe second pole of the source of electricity S with the interposition ofa switch U. Another wire passes from the brush a to the electromagnet Nand the current passes to the shank of piston 0 through the interposedframe of this electromagnet and then to the rounded head t" and returnsthrough the tube 7i and by a return-wire to the proper pole of thesource S. A circuit-key V is interposed in this return-wire.

For lighting the burner the circuit is first closed by turning theswitch U. The current then passes through the rheostat T to theelectromagnet D,- thence to the brush it of the electric motor, passingout through brush it and returning to the opposite pole of the source S.By this the valve B is raised and admits the gas to the mixer while thelatter is set in motion and mixes the gas with air which is suppliedthrough the tubes f. The mixture then passes to the burner. A momentlater the circuit-key V is depressed, which then permits the current topass to the lighter, whose valve w is raised to admit gas into the tube7r. Atthe same time the head 1 is rapidly separated from the upper partof the tube h which forms its seat and a spark is generated by the sidecurrent, which lights the gas issuing from h and which lights themixture discharged from the central tube I beneath the mantle.

What I claim as new is- 1. The combination with a gas-burner, of avalved gas-supply pipe, an enlarged mixer placed between the supply-pipeand the burner, a rotary agitator within the mixer, and air and gasinlets to said mixer whereby the gas and air are mixed at a reducedpressure before their arrival at the burner, substantially as described.

2. The combination with a gas-burner, of a valved gas-supply pipe, anenlarged mixer located beneath the burner, an admission-box between thesupply-pipe and the mixer communicating with the latter through a seriesof openings, a series of air-tubes extending through the admission-boxand into the said openings, and forming annular spaces for the passageof the gas to the mixer, substantially as described.

The combination with a gas-burnenof a valved gas-supply pipe, anenlarged mixer located beneath the burner, a rotary agitator within saidmixer, an admission-box between the supply-pipe and the mixercommunicating with the latter through a series of openings, a series ofair-tubes extending through the admission-box and into the saidopenings,,

and forming annular spaces for the passage of the gas to the mixer,substantially as described.

l. The combination with a gas-burner, of a valved gas-supply pipe, amixer placed between the supply-pipe and the burner, an agitator placedwithin the mixer, and a motor for actuating the latter, substantially asdescribed.

5. The combination with a gas-burner, of a mixer communicating with theatmosphere and with the gas-supply, a rotary agitator within said mixer,and an electric motor in connection with the agitator, substantially asdescribed.

6. The combination with a gas-burner, of a mixer for air and gas locatedbeneath the burner, lateral conduits leading from the mixer to theburner-pipe, an agitator within said mixer, and an electric motorlocated above the mixer and placed in connection with the agitator,substantially as described.

7. The combination with a gas-burner, of a gas-supply pipe, anelectrically-controlled valve for the same, a mixer located between thegas-supply pipe and the burner, an agitator within the mixer, anelectric motor for actuating said agitator, an igniter, a source ofelectricity, and electrical connections of the latter with thevalve-operating device, the igniter, and the motor, substantially asdescribed.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

. LOUIS DENAYROUZE.

lVitnesses:

J. ARMENGAUD, J eune, CLYDE SHROPSHIRE.

